Whispered Professional Presentation Secrets

Whispered Professional Presentation Secrets The Appeal of Professional Presentation Presentation is all about how you interact socially with different folks. Preparation is the most crucial part of creating a successful presentation. Preparing an expert presentation is more than possible for everyone. Life After Professional Presentation An actual professional is prepared to help her or his co-workers when they're overburdened or facing a challenge on the job. Finally, if you'd like to make certain about the accomplishment of your presentation in the expert environment, you want to create your point as fast as possible. You don't need to be a specialist in color theory, but it's very good for business professionals to know at the very least a bit about it. You might find that you will need to provide a presentation under certain conditions, where your prior experience is not as helpful. The Debate Over Professional Presentation For instance, your main objective may be to s ell copies of your book, however you could also aspire to inspire the audience during your presentation. You have to fit with your audience's expectations if they aren't likely to shell out quite a huge chunk of your presentation handling the differences between expectations and reality. The fifth step you need to do in developing a thriving presentation at work is to think about a few questions that may appear from your audience. An expert presentation style demands the confidence and capacity to convey the perfect image that you need your audience to see. You are going to be able to notice more extraneous parts of visual data which can be removed to improve visual clarity and strengthen communication. Take care to speak to the individual who invited you in the very first location, to get a full and total analysis of who will be in the room. Calmly explain your opinion and be prepared to walk away in the event you are unable to sway the other person or if he or she starts to g et rid of control. If a power point presentation is required in any circumstance, ensure that the background and the text colors match well and they aren't likely to hurt the opinion of the viewers. You need to know your own abilities and choose how best to produce the presentation. Finding out how to create effective presentation slides is a skill that may boost your professional reputation. Together with computer literacy, professional presentation skills are getting to be a new survival skill at work. As soon as... Presentation Skills For a lot of us presenting is a significant portion of our business lives. Decide in advance how and when you want to deal with questions. Advanced tools can even publish a business letter in the shape of PDF document with the aim of effective and professional presentation. Presentations ought to be comprehensive but the details should also be placed in proper places so that they can be relayed in a more organized way. Again, you will have to choose iamges pertinent to your own topic. Professional Presentation at a Glance An individual should use high excellent printing paper and printing ink to provide a professional appearance to a card. Ideally, you will have the topic and much or all the content outlined before you even consider design. If you've got good content, you won't require decoration. So if you'd like to stand out with a terrific presentation, you should look at using custom or premium themes. Professional Presentation - Overview If it's necessary to reorder, you might be paying for services that you paid for on your initial order again. With a simple to use computer plan, you can integrate the presentation with social networking sites with ease and convenience. With the assistance of logistics and supply chain management, it's simple to deal with the material in a professional method. So, assuming you decide the above mentioned benefits will help your organization, then you'll should determine whether a system is affordable to you and if that's the case when is the very best time to bring one on board. If you have chosen to incorporate the usage of a professional presentation folder for your company, you've made a terrific choice in the manner in which you opt to utilize your advertising dollars to help promote your organization image. There are dozens and dozens of specialist slide designs, including all the options you'd want to swiftly customize an excellent business presentation. Dressing a specific way when you're conducting business isn't about somebody conforming to an elitist expert clique. For example, if you've got a business of manufacturing greeting cards you may create one or two folds. If work is the thing that's causing your bad mood, it can be time for you to consider quitting your job. With only a few clicks, you'll have your presentation ready right away. Now that's a means to make your presentation effective. A styled and skilled presentation is never likely to be boring.

immigration debate - 920 Words

I. Intro: The Democratic Party has fiercely advocated for the enactment of the DREAM Act. Republicans however have strongly opposed it and have left little hope for any reform for illegal immigrants. However not passing the DREAM Act and stalling on reform for illegal immigrants is doing an injustice to these immigrants and most importantly to American citizens. Today many US citizens suffer from a depleting economy and anything that can help revive it should and must be done. I see the DREAM Act as a great opportunity to aid and provide relief to the economy. II. The DREAM Act: The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act), is a proposed bipartisan legislation that is meant to provide amnesty and relief†¦show more content†¦Those eligible for the DREAM Act can provide so much to the economy if they were granted the opportunity to do so. It isn’t like they are going anywhere and, they have adopted so many American values into their lives. By giving them the amnesty they need and arguable deserve, our economy can only benefit. The government can generate more tax revenue from them, thus ending the outcry that they don’t pay tax. Also by giving them the same rights as citizens in the job market, they will be paid what they deserve thus possibly stimulating consumer spending by them. IV. Conclusion: Democrats seem to be the party that is trying to solve the immigration issue here in the US. They have advocated hard for the passing of the DREAM Act, a legislation that I believe needs to and must be passed. I advocate it on the basis that the US economy really needs this; the potential the DREAM Act has in not just alleviating the immigration problem but also in helping revive an ailing economy. We need to finally reap the economic benefits of these undocumented immigrants that are in this country and likely here to stay. It is until I realized what the DREAM Act can do to the economy, is when I really began to see it as something that must happen fast. Works Cited Debate: DREAM Act Background and Context. - Debatepedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. . The DREAM Act. Welcome to the DREAM Act Portal. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. . EDITORIAL; A Dream Act Without the Dream.Show MoreRelatedImmigration And The Debate On Immigration Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesin the debate was about immigration. Every year, thousands of immigrants come to the United States, some document and some undocumented. They have different reasons for wanting to come to America, whether it is for jobs, the policies and laws of the United States, the economy, or even refugees from countries which are going through a civil war. There are many different opinions on immigration and what to do with illegal immigrants. Many citizens believe that taxes increase due to illegal immigrantsRead MoreThe Debate On Immigration Reform958 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: Until the bill passed, much of the debate surrounding the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors, or DREAM Act, brought about legal, ethical, and logistical concerns. Illegal immigration and the population unauthorized alien in the United States were key issues in the ongoing debate on immigration reform. However, the benefits of this bill outweighed its disadvantages. Immigration policies in the United States concerning undocumented workers are strict and direct. EmployersRead MoreThe Liberal Side Of The Immigration Debate1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe liberal side of the immigration debate supports legal immigration, increasing the number of legal immigrants permitted to enter the U.S. each year, and blanket amnesty for current illegal imm igrants. Liberals believe that regardless of how they came to the U.S., illegal immigrants deserve things like U.S. government financial aid for college tuition and visas for spouse/children to come to the U.S. They believe that families shouldn’t be separated and that many illegal immigrants do the jobsRead MoreThe Debate Over Illegal Immigration1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate over illegal immigration has been a constant and ongoing struggle in the United States. Millions of illegal immigrants are living among us in the country, we have more entering daily. Recently, President Barack Obama touched on the topic with his immigration executive order. Unfortunately, with the republican takeover of the white house, many of his actions are not being supported. This is viable evidence that there are people who want to help fix the immigration system in a way that willRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is A Hot Topic Debate864 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigration is a hot topic debate in today society as many people have their viewpoints on it. Immigration could be the second most talked about maybe first topic behind terrorism. Illegal immigration has been going on since foreigners were allowed in the US in the early 20th century. Even backed then, there were mixed emotions as many Americans did not favor foreigners and there were many attempts to restrict what they were allowed to do. Immigrants come across the border every day. AccordingRead More The Immigration and Job Loss Debate Essays1170 Words   |  5 PagesThe Immigration and Job Loss Debate A debate that always seems to raise its ugly head when the issue of foreign labor is discussed concerns the types of jobs that immigrants take and whether they are actually taking these jobs away from American workers. I look at it as jobs they are left with, not ones they are taking. The debate always shows an American family that has been displaced or lost their livelihood because they can no longer compete with cheaper labor. In reality the jobs thatRead More Rhetoric in the American Immigration Debate Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Aristotle, a speaker could frame any debate using three approaches: an appeal to logic, an appeal from credibility, or an appeal to emotions. All speakers and writers use the tripartite approach to rhetoric in varying degrees and ultimately the audience judges their effectiveness in the context presented. In America, few topics are as hotly debated as that of undocumented migration, and it can be difficult to pick through the partisan and often vitriolic rhetoric in order to come toRead MoreThe Issue Of Immigration Is Become A Major Debate For Everyone1825 Words   |  8 PagesThe issue of immigration has become a major debate for everyone. Although people argue over the negative impacts of immigrants living in America such as overcrowding, less jobs due to immigrants taking them, drug trafficking, and threatening of American culture, immigrants still have a huge impact in the American society. The United States is by far the largest destination for immigrants, annually receiving over a million legal immigrants and about seven hundred thousand illegal immigrants. ManyRead MoreThe Congress Debates Over Immigration Reform855 Words   |  4 Pagescrawling right back up to my shoulders. As if I was at the top of the mountain and then had someone push back down. Finding out that the Senate has plans to take down the DACA was as if they were closing the doors to my success. As the Congress debates over immigration refor m, August the 15th marks the second anniversary of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. On the 15th of August 2012, President Obama began a policy calling for deferred action towards certain young individuals whoRead MoreCons for Debate for Arizona Immigration Laws Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesDebate Speech: 4 Minute: Cons By adopting the same anti-immigration laws as Arizona, Florida would be violating the very values of the constitution. My first point is the violation of civil rights. In order to clarify today’s debate, we offer the following definition: Civil rights are a class of rights and freedoms that protect individuals from unwarranted action by government and private organizations and individuals and ensure one’s ability to participate in the civil and political

Holistic care of the Aboriginal -Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Holistic care on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Answer: Introduction The current condition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's health is at an alarming level. In spite of various supports from governments, public organisations and NGOs the overall condition of this communitys health is in danger (Kelly et al., 2011). This paper focuses on the holistic approach to nursing and healthcare system and its successful implementation on the Indigenous communities as included in the NACCHO Constitution. The needs of these communities are also discussed along with the success and failure rate of current healthcare system supported by Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS). The current situations and barriers of the applied healthcare management have been examined with supporting shreds of evidence. The purpose of this report is to identify the barriers of the current healthcare system of holistic care on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how individual nursing professionals can become better advocates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Holistic Care Generally, the term Nursing' refers taking good care of the patients health and pathophysiological improvement that helps to recover a patient from his or her unhealthy condition (Sue, 2007). Most of the time, this health care approach only includes taking care of patients medication, diets needs, regular assessment and other traditional activities. As per the definition of NACCHO, Holistic Care refers the specific caring approach where nursing focuses not only on the physical health of the patients, rather focusing on the psychological, social and physical well being of the patient are the major concerns (Smith, 2016). In this approach, the caregivers should have well understanding of patients psychological needs, social perspectives (Ray, 2017). Henceforth, this holistic care approach also needs some training and development activities for the caregivers and other nursing staffs (Ward, Fredericks Best, 2014). Holistic health needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples As per the recent health report published by National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (NSFATSIH) the overall health of this community is declining at a significant rate (Duley et al., 2016). Specifically, the unhealthy and unhygienic lifestyle and lack of environmental support reduce the overall health of woman and children to alarming conditions (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, 2017). The rate of cervical cancer and mortality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are significantly higher than the mainstream people (Leticia Sigrid, 2016). In spite of being registered in Queensland Health Pap Smear Registry more than 63% of indigenous women use to suffer various lethal health conditions. Unfortunately, the rate is increasing at 19% in every two years (Best, 2014). The government interference and assessment programs are not enough for changing this situation where these communities are involved in multiple unhygienic practices in the regular basis (Drummond, 2014). Therefore instead of providing only adequate healthcare and treatment facilities government and mainstream community have to focus on overall holistic healthcare approach where the indigenous people can have social and psychological support and cultural awareness through healthcare campaign (Fredericks, Adams Best, 2014). Indigenous children are also going through a completely unhealthy and imbalanced pathophysiological condition. Each and every ear more than 12% of Aboriginal children are being victimised from several bacterial diseases because of their unaware and unhygienic daily practice (Janet et al., 2011). The above mentioned percentage reflects only the condition of registered children of Prophylaxis Program. The unrevealed practical situation is worse than this, where every year the number of bacteria affected children is increasing. On the other hand, this unhealthy growth of the children will affect the overall future health condition of Indigenous people (Cox Taua, 2017). In this current alarming scenario of declining health condition of the indigenous community, the adult men and older people are also included. More than 56% of emergency cases face lack of proper treatment due to this ineffective distribution of standard health clinics and hospitals (Fredericks, Adams Best, 2014). In addition, the bacterial diseases, diabetes and kidney failure are the major threats to this community irrespective of the gender, age or geographical position. Indigenous people are three times more likely to suffer diabetes and seven times more likely to suffer kidney failure. As per the recent healthcare research reports, the holistic care can enhance the recovery power and improvement rate. Therefore, the foundation of this type of nursing approach is made on three pillars namely Physiological assessment, Psychological support and Socio-cultural understanding and empowerment (Johnston et al., 2013). The Barriers of the current Healthcare system Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples live in rural and coastal areas of the continent. In this current demographical distribution of this community, government and NGO supported health clinics are still unable to serve all the rural areas with sufficient facilities (Drummond, 2014). People of this rural area have to cross a long distance to get the nearest hospital or other slandered healthcare facilities. The appropriate distribution of health clinics across the rural areas can solve this problem to some extent. Indigenous people are very much concerned about their cultural heredity and communal unity. Most of these people avoid advanced medical systems; rather they still have faith in traditional rituals and communal decision (Daws et al., 2014). On the other hand, as discussed earlier both government and NGO healthcare clinics are hospitals are not distributed properly that opposes the opportunity to make these people aware of their health and safety (Best, 2014). Apart from this, those who really want to get treated by modern healthcare system do not prefer leaving their own community and staying outside of their cultural and communal environment. These people need more social and cultural support that can ensure psychological security. The more trust and dependency on the modern healthcare services can change their conventional and rigid perspectives. However, AIHW often reports about low employee count that comes from the aboriginal or other indigenous community in the health care camps, the lack of social and cultural understanding is impacting on the overall healthcare services. It is also reported that most of the time these healthcare clinics don't get cooperative behaviour in case of any requirement of additional supports (Cox Taua, 2017). Therefore these healthcare campaigns are failing to achieve their aims and objectives. The government can support various NGOs to facilitate their health clinic and camps nearer to the rural areas. Apart from that, various government and public organisation can recruit more caregivers and professionals who belong to the aboriginal and other indigenous community to these health clinics. Most of the nursing staffs are unaware of the holistic approach to nursing and healthcare system and its advantages. Therefore lack of awareness and training about holistic healthcare in every level of the healthcare system is the most significant barrier to this current healthcare system (Odette, 2018). This holistic approach has upgraded the global healthcare system to a certain level of attainability. Conclusion From the above discussion and analysis, it can be said that the foundation of holistic care of nursing approach is made on three pillars namely Physiological assessment, Psychological support and Socio-cultural understanding and empowerment. To resolve the barrier of the implementation of this holistic care approach, the training and development activities and recruitment from the target community members are required for the improvement of healthcare and nursing facilities. The unhealthy and unhygienic lifestyle and lack of environmental support reduce the overall health of woman and children to alarming conditions. In conclusion, it can be said that these people need more social and cultural support that can ensure psychological security where holistic care can solve the problems. Apart from that, various government and public organisation can recruit more caregivers and professionals to these health clinics. References: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander - Health Performance Framework - 2017 Report. (n.d.-a). Retrieved from https://www.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/2017-health-performance-framework-report.pdf Best, O. (2014). The cultural safety journey: An Australian nursing context. In O. Best B. Fredericks (Eds.), Yatdjuligin: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursing and midwifery care. Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press. Bronwyn, F., Mick. A., Odette, B., (2014). Indigenous gendered health perspectives. In O. Best B. Fredericks (Eds.). Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press. Cox, L., Taua, C. (2017). Understanding and applying cultyural safety: philosophy and practice of a social deteminants approach. In Potter Perrys fundamentals of nursing (5th ed.). Retrieved from https://www-clinicalkey-com- Drummond, A. (2014). Working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers and health practitioners. In O. Best B. Fredericks (Eds.). Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press. Duley, P., Botfield, J. R., Ritter, T., Wicks, J., Brassil, A. (2016). The Strong Family Program: an innovative model to engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth and Elders with reproductive and sexual health community education. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. doi:10.1071/HE16015 Fredericks, B., Adams, M., Best O. (2014). Indigenous gendered health perspectives. In O. Best B. Fredericks (Eds.). Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press. Janet, K., Judith, D., Tamara, M., Eileen, W., Kim, O., Malcolm, B., Brita, P. (2011). Managing two worlds together: Study 3 The experiences of patients and their carers. Melbourne: Lowitja Institute. Retrieved from https://www.lowitja.org.au/lowitja-publishing/L014 Johnston, V., Thomas, D., Westphal, D., Ernshaw, C. (2013). Starting to Smoke: Experiences of Indigenous Youth. Melbourne: Lowitja Institute. Retrieved from https://www.lowitja.org.au/sites/default/files/docs/Starting%20to%20Smoke-FINALweb.pdf Kelly, J., Dwyer, J., Mackean, T., Willis, E., Kim ODonnell, Malcolm Battersby Pekarsky, B., (2011). Managing two worlds together: Study 3 The experiences of patients and their carers. Melbourne: Lowitja Institute. Retrieved from https://www.lowitja.org.au/lowitja-publishing/L014 Leticia, F., Sigrid, H., (2016). When Will the Stolen Generations End? A Qualitative Critical Exploration of Contemporary Child Protection Practices in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities. Sexual Abuse in Australia and New Zealand, 7(1), 5158. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1805769481/fulltextPDF/455517419FC04D65PQ/1?accountid=13380 Odette, B. (2018). Chapter 3?: The cultural safety journey: An Aboriginal Australian nursing and midwifery context. In Yatdjuligin; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursing and midwifery care (Second edition, pp. 4666). Cambridge University Press. Ray, L. (2017). A history of health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Cambridge University Press. Smith, J., (2016). Defining Rural and Remote Australia. In Australias Rural, Remote and Indigenous Health (Third Edition, pp. 2344). Elsevier. Retrieved from https://www-clinicalkey-com-au.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780729542418000020 Sue, F. (2007). Telling stories: nurses, politics and Aboriginal Australians, circa 1900-1980s. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 24(1), 3344. Retrieved from https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=640179661322132;res=IELHA The rich history of Indigenous nurses as carers and activists. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/lifematters/the-rich-history-of-indigenous-nurses/9519250 Ward, R., Fredericks, B., Best, O. (2014). Community controlled health services: What they are and how they work. In O. Best B. Fredericks (Eds.), Yatdjuligin; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursing and midwifery care (pp. 87101). Port Melbourne, VIC: Cambridge University Press. Will constitutional recognition undermine Aboriginal self-determination? [Radio Broadcast]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/theminefield/constitutional-recognition--aboriginal-self-determination/7711660

Newtons Discoveries Essays - Philosophy, , Term Papers

Newton's Discoveries Drevin Rivera Isaac Newton was a famous scientist of his time. Most of our knowledge today was built on his knowledge back then. He was so famous that he was knighted by Queen Anne. His ingenuousness led to so many different types of scientific breakthroughs that are certainly fundamental. Isaac Newton helped shape the world with his discoveries of Calculus, Gravity, and the Color Spectrum (History Channel, 2015). First of all, according to StarChild Team (2001), gravity is,"A force of attraction that exist between any two forces". Also it makes objects fall toward the center of the planet, not just Earth. Not a single type of sense can detect gravity. It is the weakest force in nature (StarChild Team, 2001). Secondly, according to the History of Calculus (n.d.), calculus is," The discovery of calculus is often attributed to two men, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz (Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz), who independently developed its foundations." Now today calculus has been more developed and more thought out.This type of math was needed for some equations that Newton needed because trigonometry simply wasn't enough (History of Calculus, n.d.). Lastly, according to the Color Vision and Art (n.d.) the light spectrum is,"Our modern understanding of light and color began with Isaac Newton with a series of experiments that he published in 1672." The first recorded person to fully understand a rainbow was Newton. He simply found that the colors red through violet, keep in mind only primary and secondary, using a prism. (Color Vision and Art, n.d.). In conclusion, Newton discovered the foundations of calculus, so we can solve even harder equations that old methods couldn't do. He also discovered the laws of Motion that served as the basis for our understanding of physics. Not only that, but he discovered the light spectrum ranging from bright red, down to deep purple, from doing a single experiment. Without Newton, we simply wouldn't know as much of the universe and our own Earth, as much as we know today.

Criminal Justice and Your Constitutional Rights

Criminal Justice and Your Constitutional Rights Sometimes, life can take a bad turn. You’ve been arrested, arraigned, and are now set to stand trial. Fortunately, whether you are guilty or not, the U.S. criminal justice system offers you several constitutional protections. Of course, the overriding protection assured to all criminal defendants in America is that their guilt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. But thanks to the Due Process Clause of the Constitution, criminal defendants have other important rights, including the rights to: Remain silentConfront witnesses against themBe tried by a juryProtected from paying excessive bailGet a public trialGet a speedy trialBe represented by an attorneyNot be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)Not to be subjected to cruel or unusual punishment Most of these rights come from the Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the Constitution, while others have come from the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court in examples of the five â€Å"other† ways the Constitution can be amended. Right to Remain Silent Typically associated with well-recognized Miranda rights that must be read to persons detained by the police prior to questioning, the right to remain silent, also known as the privilege against â€Å"self-incrimination,† comes from a clause in the Fifth Amendment which says that a defendant cannot â€Å"be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.† In other words, a criminal defendant cannot be forced to speak at any time during the detention, arrest and trial process. If a defendant chooses to remain silent during the trial, he or she cannot be forced to testify by the prosecution, the defense, or the judge. However, defendants in civil lawsuits can be forced to testify. Right to Confront Witnesses Criminal defendants have the right to question or â€Å"cross-examine† witnesses who testify against them in court. This right comes from the Sixth Amendment, which gives every criminal defendant the right to â€Å"be confronted by the witnesses against him.†Ã‚  The so-called â€Å"Confrontation Clause† has also been interpreted by the courts as prohibiting prosecutors from presenting as evidence oral or written â€Å"hearsay† statements from witnesses who do not appear in court. Judges do have the option of allowing non-testimonial hearsay statements, such as calls to 911 from people reporting a crime in progress. However, statements given to police during the investigation of a crime are considered to be testimonial and are not allowed as evidence unless the person making the statement appears in court to testify as a witness. As part of the pre-trial process called the â€Å"discovery phase,† both lawyers are required to inform each other and the judge of the identity and expected testimony of the witnesses they intend to call during the trial. In cases involving the abuse or sexual molestation of minor children, the victims are often afraid to testify in court with the defendant present. To deal with this, several states have adopted laws allowing children to testify via closed-circuit television. In such instances, the defendant can see the child on the television monitor, but the child cannot see the defendant. Defense attorneys can cross-examine the child via the closed circuit television system, thus protecting the defendant’s right to confront witnesses. Right to Trial by Jury Except in cases involving minor crimes with maximum sentences of no more than six months in jail, the Sixth Amendment assures criminal defendants the right to have their guilt or innocence decided by a jury in a trial to be held in the same â€Å"State and district† in which the crime was committed. While juries typically consist of 12 people, six-person juries are allowed. In trials heard by six-person juries, the defendant can only be convicted by a unanimous vote of guilty by the jurors. Typically a unanimous vote of guilt is required to convict a defendant. In most states, a non-unanimous verdict results in a â€Å"hung jury,† allowing the defendant to go free unless the prosecutor’s office decides to retry the case. However, the Supreme Court has upheld state laws in Oregon and Louisiana allowing juries to convict or acquit defendants on ten-to-two verdicts by 12-person juries in cases where a guilty verdict cannot result in the death penalty.   The pool of potential jurors must be chosen randomly from the local area where the trial is to be held. The final jury panel is selected through a process known as â€Å"voir dire,† in which lawyers and judges question potential jurors to determine if they might be biased or for any other reason unable to deal fairly with the issues involved in the case. For example, personal knowledge of the facts; acquaintanceship with parties, witnesses or attorneys occupation which might lead to bias; prejudice against the death penalty; or previous experiences with the legal system. In addition attorneys for both sides are allowed to eliminate a set number of potential jurors simply because they do not feel the jurors would be sympathetic to their case. However, these juror eliminations, called â€Å"peremptory challenges,† cannot be based on the race, sex, religion, national origin or other personal characteristics of the juror. Right to a Public Trial The Sixth Amendment also provides that criminal trials must be held in public. Public trials allow the defendant’s acquaintances, regular citizens, and the press to be present in the courtroom, thus helping to ensure that the government honors the defendant’s rights. In some cases, judges can close the courtroom to the public. For example, a judge might bar the public from trials dealing with the sexual assault of a child. Judges can also exclude witnesses from the courtroom to prevent them from being influenced by the testimony of other witnesses. In addition, judges can order the public to leave the courtroom temporarily while discussing points of law and trial procedure with the lawyers. Freedom from Excessive Bail The Eighth Amendment states, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This means that any bail amount set by the court must be reasonable and appropriate for the severity of the crime involved and to the actual risk that the accused person will flee to avoid standing trial. While the courts are free to deny bail, they cannot set bail amounts so high that they effectively do so.   Right to a Speedy Trial While the Sixth Amendment ensures criminal defendants a right to a â€Å"speedy trial,† it does not define â€Å"speedy.† Instead, judges are left to decide whether a trial has been so unduly delayed that the case against the defendant should be thrown out. Judges must consider the length of the delay and the reasons for it, and whether or not the delay had harmed the defendant’s chances of being acquitted. Judges often allow more time for trials involving serious charges. The Supreme Court has ruled that longer delays can be allowed for a â€Å"serious, complex conspiracy charge† than for â€Å"an ordinary street crime.† For example, in the 1972 case of Barker v. Wingo, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a delay of over five years between arrest and trial in a murder case did not violate the defendant’s rights to a speedy trial. Each judicial jurisdiction has statutory limits for the time between the filing of charges and the start of a trial. While these statutes are strictly worded, history has shown that convictions are rarely overturned due to claims of a delayed trial. Right to Be Represented by an Attorney The Sixth Amendment also ensures that all defendants in criminal trials have the right â€Å"†¦ to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.† If a defendant cannot afford an attorney, a judge must appoint one who will be paid by the government. Judges typically appoint attorneys for indigent defendants in all cases which could result in a prison sentence. Right Not to Be Tried Twice for the Same Crime The Fifth Amendment provides: â€Å"[N]or shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.† This well-known â€Å"Double Jeopardy Clause† protects defendants from facing trial more than once for the same offense. However, the protection of the Double Jeopardy Clause does not necessarily apply to defendants who might face charges in both federal and state courts for the same offense if some aspects of the act violated federal laws while other aspects of the act violated state laws. In addition, the Double Jeopardy Clause does not protect defendants from facing trial in both criminal and civil courts for the same offense. For example, while O.J. Simpson was found not guilty of the 1994 murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman in criminal court, he was later found to be legally â€Å"responsible† for the killings in civil court after being sued by the Brown and Goldman families. Right to Not be Punished  Cruelly Finally, the Eighth Amendment states that for criminal defendants, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the amendments â€Å"Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause† also applies to the states. While the U.S. Supreme Court has held that the Eighth Amendment forbids some punishments entirely, it also forbids some other punishments that are excessive when compared to the crime  or compared to the defendant’s mental or physical competence. The principles the Supreme Court uses to decide whether or not a particular punishment is â€Å"cruel and unusual† were solidified by Justice William Brennan in his majority opinion in the landmark 1972 case of Furman v. Georgia. In his decision, Justice Brennan wrote, â€Å"There are, then, four principles by which we may determine whether a particular punishment is cruel and unusual.† The essential factor is â€Å"that the punishment must not by its severity be degrading to human dignity.† For example, torture or an unnecessarily long and painful death.â€Å"A severe punishment that is obviously inflicted in wholly arbitrary fashion.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"A severe punishment that is clearly and totally rejected throughout society.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"A severe punishment that is patently unnecessary.† Justice Brennan added, â€Å"The function of these principles, after all, is simply to provide means by which a court can determine whether a challenged punishment comports with human dignity.†

How Ser or Estar Affects Spanish Adjectives

How Ser or Estar Affects Spanish Adjectives Although ser and estar both mean to be, to the native Spanish speaker they dont mean the same thing. As a result, some adjectives can change in meaning depending on whether theyre used with ser or estar. One common example is listo. When used with ser, it typically refers to being clever or intelligent: El mono es listo, flexible e innovador. (The monkey is clever, flexible and innovative.) But when used with estar, it often means ready: Dice que no est lista para convertirse en madre. (She says she isnt ready to become a mother.) One reason for the change in meaning is because ser is typically (although there are exceptions) used with enduring or innate qualities - and in the case of listo, you might think of clever as similar in meaning to the idea of always ready. Following are some other adjectives that you can think of as changing in meaning depending on which form of to be they are used with. Important note, especially for beginning Spanish students: As always, context is essential to correctly understanding what is said. The rules may be more flexible in real life than the way they are presented here. Also, the meanings given below arent the only possible ones. Aburrido ser aburrido (to be boring):  ¿Quià ©n dijo que la ciencia era aburrida? (Who said science was boring?) estar aburrido (to be bored): Recià ©n lleguà © a este paà ­s con mis padres al principio estaba aburrida. (I recently arrived in this country with my parents, and at first I was bored.) Bueno ser bueno (to be good): Escuchar à ³pera es bueno para el corazà ³n. (Listening to opera is good for the heart.) estar bueno (to be tasty, fresh, sexually attractive): Si haces una ensalada con lechuga est buena, pero si le pones pepino y un buen alià ±o,  ¿no est mejor? (If you make a salad with lettuce it is tasty, but if you add a  cucumber and a good dressing, isnt it better?) Cansado ser cansado (to be boring, tiresome, tiring): Buscar trabajo es cansado cuando te llenas de ansiedad. Looking for work is tiring when you are full of anxiety. estar cansado (to be tired): Estaban cansados de la situacià ³n en su paà ­s. They were tired of the situation in their country. Despierto ser despierto (to be sharp, alert): Los dos eran despiertos pero nadie hablaba. (The two were alert but nobody spoke.) estar despierto (to be awake): Los dos estaban despiertos y podà ­an comunicarse. (The two were awake and could communicate with each other.) Enfermo ser enfermo (to be sickly, an invalid): El perro llegà ³ a ser enfermo y murià ³. (The dog became sickly and died. Also, in context, ser enfermo is sometimes used to refer to mental illness.) estar enfermo (to be sick): Desde hace un aà ±o, yo estaba enferma de està ³mago. (Since a year ago I have had a stomach illness.) Interesado ser interesado (to be selfish): Creen que el hijo de Lupillo es interesado y materialista. (They think Lupillos son is selfish and materialistic.) estar interesado (to be interested): Rusia est interesada en las reservas de litio que tiene Bolivia. (Russia is interested in the lithium reserves that Bolivia has.) Malo ser malo (to be bad): Siempre nos han dicho que automedicarse es malo. (We have always been told that self-medicating is bad.) estar malo (to be ill, to be in bad shape): Parece que el disco duro est malo. (It appears that my hard disk is in bad shape.) Orgulloso ser orgulloso (to be proud in a bad way, such as by being boastful): Mi esposo es orgulloso y prepotente. Yo tolero muchas veces su indiferencia y egoà ­smo. (My husband is prideful and arrogant. I often put up with his indifference and egotism.) estar malo (to be proud of something or someone in a positive way): Mi madre estaba orgullosa de lo que sus hijos estaban haciendo. (My mother was proud of what her children were doing.) Rico ser rico (to be wealthy or rich): La presentadora de televisià ³n es la ms rica y la à ºnica mujer entre los millonarios de Estados Unidos mayores de 50 aà ±os. (The television host is the richest and only woman among the U.S. millionaires more than 50 years old.) estar rico (to be delicious): Fuimos en familia al restaurante, y todo estuvo rico y fresco. (We went as a family to the restuarant, and everything was delicious and fresh.) Seguro ser seguro (to be safe): Es seguro tomar taxi en Ciudad de Mexico. (It is safe to take a taxi in Mexico City.) estar seguro (to be certain): No est seguro de lo perià ³dicos o revistas que ha leà ­do. (She isnt certain of the newspapers or magazines that she has read.)

Operations Management wk5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operations Management wk5 - Assignment Example On the other hand, in the stable workforce strategy, the output is varied by changing the work hours through flexible work arrangements. In the level strategy, a stable workforce which works at a constant output rate is maintained. According to Chase, et al. the â€Å"shortages and surpluses are absorbed by fluctuating inventory levels, order backlogs, and lost sales† (2005). Since production planning strategies involve demand forecasting, production planning and work scheduling, an activity where it can be applicable is in buying groceries. One must have an idea of his needs either for the week or month, depending on how often one goes to the grocery. He has to know his level of consumption of grocery items for a certain period of time to ascertain how many of such items he will buy. My organization is a T-shirt manufacturing firm. The material requirements planning systems (MRPs) are used in our organization. First, we get orders from customers and forward these data to the production department. The production department then comes up with a production schedule to meet delivery requirements. The purchasing department is also furnished a copy of the data on the orders to determine the amount of raw materials to order. The company has a bill of materials on hand which gives information on the amount of materials needed to produce the goods ordered. My company also makes use of an inventory record file which is always kept updated An advantage of the MRP is that the company is able to closely monitor and manage its inventory of raw materials and finished goods. The bill of materials makes it easier to specify the amount of raw materials needed to complete the orders. The major drawback of the MRP is that it requires accurate data. Another disadvantage of the MRP is that it only considers the materials and not the production capacity nor the conditions in the work area. An interesting fact on MRP that can be mentioned is that one is able to

Boston tea party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boston tea party - Research Paper Example Protests may be successful because it awakens the government to revise its rule, as in Congress can amend legislations. In the history, Americans found their protests for exorbitant taxes for tea effective. Their protest actions led to recall of the 25% tax on tea leaves by the parliament. Finding that a protest is a significant weapon, nationalism among the Americans became a widespread action that eventually led to a revolt for a cry of independence. How this transpired will be the topic of this paper. The Boston Tea Party The love for tea of the Europeans started importation, competition and monopoly. Since the tea leaves are not grown in the West, Europeans had to import it from the East Indies.1 Seeing fortune opportunities, many companies sought to compete and started importing tea leaves to the West. The costly war between France and India was just over and British storehouses were nearly empty. In subsequent events, the action of King George III was a fiscal monetary policy, because he imposed taxes to the American colonies. He had two economic visions at that time. One was to regain money lost, and the other is to reinstate their authority to the American colonies which they have neglected because of war.2 Taxes and monopoly When the monarchy started to tax products sold to America, people began to despise the rule. People became angrier when the royalty declared the tea a monopoly of the East India Company. And this was seen by historians as the biggest mistake of the King because this sparked nationalism that started the revolution. As a protest, the Boston Tea Party began. It was not really a party in the real sense, but a nomenclature given to protests to the levy imposition. On December 16, 1773, the first protest was done by a group of Boston patriots who posed themselves as Indians to gain access to the three English ships that held tea cargoes3. Protesters split open every chest and dumped its contents to the sea. Overall, the protesters in the first Boston Tea Party threw to the sea, three hundred fort-two chests of tea4. Similar protest actions followed in several seaports. On the Second tea party, done on March 7, 1774, 16 chests of tea were again thrown off to the sea. Of course, throwing of the tea into the sea is a only symbolic gesture that is a lead up to revolt for independence and a sign of protest. Shown below is a manifesto urging the citizens to protest, posted all over Boston on November 29, 1773, shortly after the arrival of 3 ships carrying tea owned by the East India Company5 Since tea has grown to be of much importance to the Americans and they found English tea to be very expensive because of taxes, Bostonians looked for alternatives such as smuggling. They found cheaper source from Holland thus evading the 25% tax slapped on them. Smuggling resulted to about half a million pounds and reduction of the English’ income6 This loss resulted to another economic policy from the parliament. To address t hese losses another fiscal policy repealed the 25% tax imposition on tea thus making the Dutch leaves much affordable.7 The Act further strengthened campaign for anti-smuggling. Seeing that Tea Law aroused more protests and was not very effective, The Stamp Act of was put into effect on March 22, 1765. This required every Americans to â€Å"pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. The money collected by the

Electric vehicle Essay Example for Free

Electric vehicle Essay 1. Summarize the content of this movie. Keep it to the space below, please. Electric car was around in 1960s. During the energy crisis in 1970s and 1980s electric cars started disappearing. In 1990s first electric car EV1 from a company named General Motors became popular in California simply because it was more environmental-friendly while it was affordable. A Zero-emissions vehicle mandate require companies to offer electric cars if they wanted to continue selling gasoline vehicles. The oil industries were fighting against the electric cars. Less people wanted to use it in that they wanted to pay less for electric cars which were limited. California dropped the mandate after getting sued by auto-makers. Drivers protested to try to save electric cars. There was almost no demand for GM’s electric cars. In a survey, 4000 said they would drive an electric car but at the end it narrowed down to only 50. GM started taking back EV1s from the drivers to be crushed and recycled. The last consumer EV1 was given up by its driver in 2004. Someone put her last effort to put EV1 back to the road; within 48 hours, 80 people signed up to get an EV1 while GM only had 72 cars. There were several suspects about the situation with GM. GM stated that there was no demand in the market for those electric cars, but several interviews with consumers showed that people wanted those electric cars. Another suspect was batteries. The batteries that EV1s had at the time were acid batteries with 60 miles of range. Average driving distance of Americans was less than 30 miles per day which meant EV1s would actually satisfy consumers. The EV1s made later which was the second generation came with better batteries that lasted around 100 miles. Oil companies were financing campaigns to stop the utility efforts for building public charging stations. President George W. Bush joined the auto industries to go against the ZEV mandate. Hydrogen fuel cars were introduced in the film as well. The problems with hydrogen fuel cars were high cost and limits on driving distance range. People who were trying to save the EV1s from being crushed got arrested from police officers. People who were being interviewed in the film think that we will be entering a clean world with bright future with electric cars. An example is that electric cars are working just fine in Japan. 2. Would you buy an electric car? Why or why not? As a civil engineering major student, I’m concerned about the environment that we’re living in. I would definitely buy an electric car. I’m not only doing this for my son or daughter in the future but for every single person on earth. And I believe it is everybody’s responsibility to protect the earth. 3. Answer on the back of this sheet. Search for an electric car in production today. Who makes it? How much does it cost? Does it use any fuel? What is the battery life? How long does it take to charge? Would you buy one? Why or why not? Find out as much about it as you can. Be VERY thorough. Nissan Leaf manufactured by Nissan. Nissan Leaf has a starting price of $27,700. It doesnt not use fuel but only electricity. It takes around 7 hours for a full charge on Nissan Leaf. This is someone I would not be interest buying because it is too small of a car. I would get an electric car but bigger size.

Public vs. Private Education Essay -- Compare Contrast School Educatin

Public vs. Private Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have examined and compared public versus private education. Also, this collection of information should help you understand differences between public and private schools. Aspects of equality and achievement in private and public education will be dissected and evaluated. Observations I have evaluated and examined both public and private education instittutional systems. Public Education Public schools are in crisis, and not because of any shortages of public funds (more money is spent on public education than ever before, but with declining results). Many people like to think the problem with our schools is precisely that they are public: "Government schools" are run like the rest of the government, poorly and inefficiently. Teachers are not primarily to blame, because they are also victims of bad conditions of schools and their profession. The solution is to get government out of the business of education and to run education in a more businesslike way. However, education is not a business like other businesses; it does not turn out a product whose value can be expressed adequately in terms of market price. Education does impart business or workplace skills, of course, but the value of reading and writing well cannot be captured fully by a future salary. The love of learning and growing as a student mentally is what shapes each individual's identity in public life. Before much progress can be made, Americans will have to be persuaded that public schools are a public failure -- that they are turning out not just poorly educated students but bad or indifferent citizens. However statistics show that Americans have confidence in public education. In 1997 Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools was the first in which an effort was made to determine whether the public wants to place its confidence in the public schools or to start looking for an alternative system. In that poll, the public clearly indicated its preference for the public schools.. The results clearly affirm the public's belief that our national commitment to educating all our children through the public schools should be maintained. 71% of Americans indicate that the focus in education should be on reforming the existing system. This compares to 27% opting for finding an alternative system such as p... ... school also generally increased with family income. Children from the lowest income families (less than $15,000) were more likely than those from families with incomes over $30,000 to attend a chosen public school. However, the net result of the various types of choice was that children from families with incomes over $50,000 were much less likely than children from families in lower income categories to attend an assigned public school over which they had not exercised any choice. Reference The Condition of Education 1997, 182, based on NCES, Schools and Staffing Survey, 1993?94, and the Teacher Follow-up Survey, 1994?95. 14/ NCES, Schools and Staffing in the United States, 1993?94, 107. 15/ V.E. Lee and J.B. Smith, "High School Size: Which Works Best, and for Whom?," paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, 1996. 16/ F. Mosteller, R. Light, and J. Sachs, "Sustained Inquiry in Education: Lessons from Skill Grouping and Class Size," Harvard Educational Review 66 (4) (1996): 797?842. 17/ The Condition of Education 1997, 136, based on NCES, Schools and Staffing Survey, 1987?88, 1990?91, and 1993?94.

St.patrick’s day

When people here the name st. patrick they would most likely think of a Leprechaun with a green Jacket and hat holding a four leaf clover from Ireland. But really, St. Patrick was born, not in Ireland, but in Britain around AD 387. Well, actually, he wasn't called St. Patrick at the time, or even Patrick, but was referred to as Maewyn Succat. And when he was growing up St. patrick was far from a saint in fact he was considered a pagan until he was 16 when he was taken into slavery by a group of Irish marauders that attacked his village.Patrick was then sold to his master whom he served for 6 years it was then that he became a Christian One day he heard a compelling voice tell him in his sleep to leave his master, and find a ship that awaited him. He fled to the coast of Ireland and eventually made it back to his home. He then studied in the church and stayed there for 12 years that was when he decided that what god wants him to do is to convert the pagans of Ireland to Christianity. Eventually he adopted his new Christian name, Patricius, or Patrick as it is said today nd returned to Ireland after being appointed a Bishop.Patrick was very successful at converting people, that upset the Celtic Druids who had him arrested several times, but he managed to escape each arrest. Patrick traveled through Ireland, establishing monasteries, schools, and churches throughout the land. Eventually Patrick returned to where he had once been a slave, to pay his ransom to his former master, and to put his â€Å"blessing† upon him. Even though he had been treated cruelly Patrick didn't hold a grudge against him.As Patrick approached his master's old home he saw that it was on fire. He was told by many people that in a fit, his old master gathered all of his valuables into his mansion, set them on fire, and threw himself into the fire telling everyone that â€Å"his pride could not take the thought of being killed by his former slave†. There are also many legends su rrounding st. patrick saying that he raised people from the dead. Patrick converted people in Ireland for 30 years. Afterwards, he retired, and then died on March 17th, 461 AD.He was not declared a saint when Patrick died, that didn't happen until the 12th century. He would have been declared a saint by acclamation, and his sainthood approved by a local bishop soon after he died. St. Patrick's Day was originally a Catholic holiday, and still is, but has also made it was into a holiday for everyone to celebrate being celebrated by non-lrish, non-Catholics, and ironically even atheists. The tradition of pinching people that didn't wear green is an American tradition that started in the 1700s.People thought wearing green made them invisible to leprechauns, who they thought would pinch people for not wearing green. So when you think of St. Patrick, and you imagine a leprechaun in a green Jacket, hat, pipe, clover, and pot of gold try to remember that he was not a man who devoted 30 year s of his life to teaching and helping the Irish. We think of the color green not a man that suffered six years of slavery to preach his beliefs. And has turned this holiday about him into celebrating leprechauns and wearing green st. patrick's day esssay.

Four Year Colleges vs. Community Colleges Essay

Why does Breakthrough emphasize four year colleges and universities? Should Breakthrough programs steer students to use community colleges as â€Å"stepping stones† toward bachelor’s degrees? Would community colleges be cheaper for students? Does it matter where students start their post†secondary educations, as long as they end up with bachelor’s degrees? It is true that once students have their bachelor’s degrees, it makes little difference, in terms of earnings potential and job prospects, what path they took to get there. However, the likelihood of earning a bachelor’s degree is significantly reduced if a student starts her post†secondary education at a community college, and the amount of time it takes to complete a bachelor’s degree (and potentially, the amount of loans a student accrues) is greatly increased. Additionally, research shows that the kinds of students Breakthrough serves—low†income, minority, first generation—are less likely to transfer from community colleges to four†year colleges and earn bachelor’s degrees. Therefore, the research supports the fact that students are more likely to complete bachelor’s degrees if they start their post† secondary educations at four†year colleges or universities. Is community college more cost-effective? Without factoring in financial aid, the average tuition and fees at community college is less than half of the average tuition and fees at a public four†year institution and 1/10th of the tuition and fees at a private four year institution. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average annual tuition and fees in 2006†07 was: †¢ $2,017 †in†state student attending a community college †¢ $5,685 † full†time, in†state student at a public four year college or university †¢ $20,492 † full time student at a private four year college and university However, while the tuition and fees at community colleges are significantly less, without knowing a student’s financial aid package at a four year institution, it is difficult to determine the relative cost† effectiveness. Additionally, considering the amount of time it takes students who begin in community college to complete their bachelor’s degrees, it is unclear how much cost savings there is in the end. Does it take longer for students to complete bachelor’s degrees if they start at community colleges? On average, it takes students 1 ½Ã¢â‚¬ 2 years longer to complete bachelor’s degrees if they begin at community colleges than if they begin at four†year colleges. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the average time it takes to complete a bachelor’s degree is: †¢ 71 months for students who begin at 2†year colleges †¢ 55 months for students who begin at four year public colleges †¢ 50 months for students who begin at four year private colleges Is there a difference in the earnings of community college graduates and graduates of four†year institutions? If community college students do manage to transfer quickly and graduate from four†year colleges, there is little evidence to show that there are significant earning differentials between students who start at community colleges and students who start at four†year colleges (Kane and Rouse, 1995; Hilmer, 2000). The problem is that many community college students do not quickly transfer into four† year colleges nor do they ultimately complete their bachelor’s degrees. For those individuals who start at community colleges and don’t transfer to four†year institutions, there are repercussions in terms of their earnings potential. The average annual median income for adults who have associate’s degrees is approximately $13,000 less per year than adults who have bachelor’s degrees ($32,900 vs. $45,700), or $500,000 less in estimated lifetime earnings (U.S. Department of Labor, 2002). If the intention is to change the economic trajectory of Breakthrough students (i.e., end the cycle of poverty), then having Breakthrough students begin their post†secondary educations at four†year colleges is the best way to ensure they complete their bachelor’s degrees. Is there a difference in the attrition rates of students at community colleges vs. students at four†year colleges? The attrition rate for students at community colleges, even those students who have an explicit intent to pursue bachelor’s degrees, is far greater than the attrition rate of students at four year colleges. In 2006: †¢ 39% of students at community colleges who intended to pursue bachelor’s degrees left school without completing a degree or certificate program †¢ 17% of students at four year public colleges left school without completing a degree †¢ 16% of students at four year private colleges left school without completing a degree (National Center for Education Statistics, 2008 Special Analysis of Community College data)

Sculpture and Archetectorial Ideas of the 5th Century essays

Sculpture and Archetectorial Ideas of the 5th Century essays The sculptural and architectural ideas during the 5th century do show some signs of classical works. At the same time, they show many signs of beginning to break apart from those traditional ideas. First, let us discuss the sculptural ideas. Much of the format for this work is still an upright figure, in line with traditional sculpture, but with some noticeable differences. One of the examples of this is the Riace Warriors. These statues are in the upright posture referred to as the kouros posture; as were most classical sculptures, but some very noticeable differences do exist. For example, the stances of the warriors are different, in that one foot is in front of the other, appearing to rest weight mostly on one of the feet. The shoulder is also lowered; this too is different from traditional sculpture. The most noticeable difference between the Archaic and classical styles in the Riace Warriors is the facial expression. Here the warriors expression is much more serious, rather tha n the smiling face seen in many previous works. The new facial expression gives a look of power and intelligence. Another difference that can be seen in the 5th century sculpture is the amount of realism put into the work. The Athenians of this time believed that they were vastly superior in intellectual thought, which can be validated in their thought process to begin doing things in a new and better way. A great example of this is the statue of Discobolos. The maker of this sculpture, Myron, pays special attention to muscular definition, and facial expression. He also captures the man in the middle of physical activity, as opposed to simply standing still or simply looking like he is posing. The confidence and intellectual superiority the Athenians believed they had begun to come out in their work during this period. The height of Greek architecture was also during the 5th century, from c.450- 430 BCE. The Athenians now had funds that they w ...

Mood (Composition and Literature) Definition Examples

Mood (Composition and Literature) Definition Examples In essays and other literary works, the mood is the dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by the text. Distinguishing between mood and tone can be difficult. W. Harmon and H. Holman suggest that mood is the emotional-intellectual attitude of the author toward the subject and tone the attitude of the author toward the audience (A Handbook to Literature, 2006). Examples and Observations From Other Texts Authors often use concrete details to engage the readers imagination, establishing mood and tone; they often draw on sensory imagery. In Journey to Nine Miles, when Alice Walker writes, By five oclock, we were awake, listening to the soothing slapping of the surf and watching the sky redden over the ocean, she appeals to the readers senses of sight and sound to establish a colorful, sensual tone that pervades the essay. Similarly, Arthur C. Clarkes narrator creates tension- establishing mood and tone- in the first few sentences of The Star, while providing readers with a clear sense of time and place: It is three thousand light-years to the Vatican. Once, I believed that space could have no power over faith, just as I believed that the heavens declared the glory of Gods handiwork. Now I have seen that handiwork and my faith is sorely troubled.(J. Sterling Warner and Judith Hilliard, Visions Across the Americas: Short Essays for Composition, 7th ed. Wadsworth, 2010)[T]he reader must h ave a sympathetic relation with the subject matter and a sensitive ear; especially must he have a sense of pitch in writing. He must recognize when the quality of feeling comes inevitably out of the theme itself; when the language, the stresses, the very structure of the sentences are imposed upon the writer by the special mood of the piece.(Willa Cather, Miss Jewett. Not Under Forty, 1936) Tone in fiction is like the tone of a storytellers voice: is it playful, serious, melancholy, frightening, or what? (It can be any of these things, and still be the same voice.)Mood has to do with the emotions the author makes the reader feel in less direct ways- by the sounds of the words she uses, the length and rhythm of sentences, the choice of images and their associations.Sometimes tone and mood are most effective when they are mismatched.(Damon Knight, Creating Short Fiction, 3rd ed. Macmillan, 1997)The mood of a poem is not quite the same thing as the tone although the two are very closely linked. When we refer to the mood of a poem we are really talking about the atmosphere that the poet creates in the poem. . . .One way to try to help yourself establish the mood of a poem is to read it aloud. You can experiment with various readings, seeing which one you think best fits the particular poem. (Dont try this in an exam, of course.) The more practice you get at reading poems al oud and the more you are able to hear others read them, the better able you will be able to hear poems in your mind when you read them to yourself.(Steven Croft, English Literature: The Ultimate Study Guide. Letts and Londale, 2004) The essay, as a literary form, resembles the lyric, in so far as it is molded by some central mood- whimsical, serious, or satirical. Give the mood, and the essay, from the first sentence to the last, grows around it as the cocoon grows around the silkworm. The essay writer is a chartered libertine and a law unto himself. A quick ear and eye, an ability to discern the infinite suggestiveness of common things, a brooding meditative spirit, are all that the essayist requires to start business with. (Alexander Smith, On the Writing of Essays. Dreamthorp, 1863) Mood in Walkers Jubilee (1966) In several instances [in Margaret Walkers novel Jubilee] mood is conveyed more by conventional notation- the number thirteen, boiling black pot, full moon, squinch owl, black crone- than any decisive nuance of thought or detail; or more precisely, fear is disembodied from internal agitations of feeling and becomes an attribute of things. Midnight came and thirteen people waited for death. The black pot boiled, and the full moon rode the clouds high in the heavens and straight up over their heads. . . . It was not a night for people to sleep easy. Every now and then the squinch owl hollered and the crackling fire would glare and the black pot boil. . . . Hortense J. Spillers, A Hateful Passion, a Lost Love. Toni Morrisons Sula, ed. by Harold Bloom. Chelsea House, 1999)

Cinema in Egypt Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cinema in Egypt - Term Paper Example First, it is important to consider major milestones in the development of the Egyptian cinematography. It is noteworthy that the first â€Å"purpose-built cinema house† was built in Egypt in 1907 (Gamal 2). It suggests that Egyptians were interested in the new form of art and the industry could easily pave its way. Initially, foreign films were shown. The first national film was produced in 1917 (Danielson 87). However, those were first attempts, though they were quite successful. The industry started developing rapidly in 1925 when Tal’at Harb, a successful banker, started his own film company. Importantly, the banker employed only nationals and he even sent the most promising ones to Europe for the necessary training (Danielson 87). Unshudat al-Fu’ad / Song from the Heart (1932) was one of the first Egyptian sound films (Shafik 45). This musical film was very successful and it inspired many Egyptian filmmakers. Another musical, al-Warda al-Badha / The White Rose produced in 1933, was also the first Egyptian movie â€Å"to be successfully exported to other Arab countries† (Shafik 45). Muhammad Karim, Ahmad Badrakhan, Fatima Rushdi were among those directors who shaped the Egyptian cinematography and created or rather identified its most significant conventions. The middle of the 20th century is regarded as the golden age of the Egyptian cinematography. Numerous brilliant films were created at that period. It is necessary to note that major themes and genres remained the same. Those were often musical films and comedies that promulgated universal values. They will be considered in detail below. However, during the 1970-1980s, the industry was declining and the number of films produced decreased significantly (Russell 344). Their quality was often very low. At present, the Egyptian industry is on its rise and numerous talented filmmakers manage to produce highly successful national films. As has been mentioned above,

Chaplins Silent Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chaplins Silent Movies - Essay Example The cinema industry has developed from silent movie to the higher level audio projection noticed in the modern movie industry. Characters have manipulated this provision to accord the movie production an identity that is projected to the society. Famous actors and performers have been associated with the existing technological development found within a given movie setting. Charlie Chaplin had been identified with the comedy genre and his performance on the silent movie theme accorded the production an identity. He had managed to revolutionize the technology evident during his time to develop movies that attracted audience based on the performance (Milton 1996, p86). The result meant that the audience was capable of identifying his movies with a similar theme from the actor. Chaplin presented multiple talents in not only producing the comedy theme during the silent movie period, but also served as an outstanding actor. Chaplin managed to revolutionize the silent film era through pres enting a unique style in the completion of his film creation.Chaplin movies had made him popular at the time when sound had been the absent entity within the development of film production. Chaplin had been remarkable and created an identity among the audience to relate to a style that had not been developed by other actors. Without sound, comedy had been the most difficult entity to achieve, but Chaplin managed to create a style that applied visual effects to present humor. The most noticed provision applied in his style was in the image he had created of himself. The stage presentation was unique to be familiar among his fans. He humored audiences with the antics he had created with the package of a bowler hat and the combination of a baggy trouser. Chaplin also developed an outstanding moustache with an expressive cane, mostly applying visual humor to move the fans. The development that Chaplin presented to the film had included positive reforms and application of creativity to r elay a massage. His style had been influenced with the ability to communicate with the audience without speech application. Chaplin had initially been a musician and had developed his acting career based on the desire to revolutionize his lifestyle. Under Mack Sennet, Chaplin developed his acting career to become a successful comedian while making short films. By 1920, he had managed to progress into developing films that held more content and time to deliver prosperity in his career. With his talent, Chaplin had founded the United Artists to produce affordable films completing the details personally with his talent. He had been a producer, writer and an actor who sought inspiration from the former comedian Max Linder who had applied a similar style. He managed to successfully incorporate the style within his movie creation to personalize the theme and accord an identity form that had appealed to his audience. Chaplin had created his films based on presented this and experience acco rded from childhood experiences. Chaplin had grown up in poverty from an irresponsible father and a mentally challenged mother. These conditions had limited his progress with the threat posed on the success towards societal development. He had ventured into the film creation industry with the motive of delivering success in his personal lifestyle. Moreover, Chaplin had been a performer, and

Assingment 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assingment 3 - Assignment Example A favorable relationship allows the manager to have a task structure that is highly formed and he is able to punish or reward the employees. An unfavorable relationship is usually associated with a poor task structure and the leader has limited authority. 3) Positioning power-, this variable usually measures the amount of power and authority that a manager perceives the organization has granted him for the purpose of rewarding, directing, and punishing of subordinates. Positioning of managers usually depends on the increment of the decision making power of employees. Path goal is a theory that was developed in order to describe the way leaders are able to support and encourage their followers in the achievement of goals that have been set by making the path of success easy and clear (House, 1996). The leader in this case is supposed to, This type of leadership involves the consideration of the follower’s needs, showing concern for their wellbeing and the creation of a working environment that is friendly. This will include the increment of the self-esteem for the followers and enhancing job roles to make work more interesting. This usually works best in a scenario whereby the work is hazardous, boring, or stressful. Directive leadership is the kind of leadership whereby the leader tells the followers what is supposed to be done and helps in guiding them along the way. This will include schedules for specific work and specific time. This involves the consultation of followers and asking for ideas and considering them in the process of decision-making. This approach usually works best in a situation whereby the followers are experts in a certain field. This involves the setting up of goals that are challenging for self-improvement and at work. In this case, high standards are usually expected and demonstrated. The leader should show faith in capabilities of the follower. This approach is best in a complex job

The World Of The Infant And Toddler Children And Young People Essay

The World Of The Infant And Toddler Children And Young People Essay Early childhood educators have long recognized the importance of play in infants and toddlers lives. Play is a strong feature which has meaningful learning practices. Play is embedded in and threaded throughout the New Zealand early childhood curriculum called. Te WhÄ riki: He whÄ riki matauranga mo nga mokopuna o Aotearoa Early Childhood Curriculum. This report will be discussing quality play as curriculum for infants and toddlers and will show the importance of play which supports childrens learning and development and will examine the value of play and how play promotes infants and toddlers to learn and develop. This report will also explain how Te WhÄ riki supports play as indicators of meaningful learning and together what is my role in facilitating a play-based curriculum with my beliefs and philosophy of play. Rationale Piaget describes three cognitive stages of play. He explains that in the first sensorimotor practice play, Infants and toddlers experiment with bodily sensation and motor movements with objects and people. My personal philosophy is making things interesting for the infants and toddlers I believe that pushing and grasping happens during their play times and through doing this over and over again the children learn that for example balls roll away and through this they experience the sensation and pleasures of movement and my philosophy is that play is natural and important for children. Vygotsky stated that the value of play is to promote childrens physical, cognitive, language, social, emotional development(Gonzalez-Mena, 2009, p.72). By playing with blocks and boxes children gain to master object permanence. Piaget states that retrieving hidden objects reveals that infants have begun to master object permanence, the understanding that objects continues to exist when out of sight. (B erk, 2010). According to Gonzalez-Mena (2009) a main ingredient of any infant or toddler program should be play(p.72). Play is natural for infants and toddlers and it should be an important use of their time. Piaget indicates play as the nature, built- in way to contribute children to accumulate learning experiences for their development (Dockeet Fleer, 1999). My own belief for play is giving infants and toddlers the freedom to play and extend on their interests while providing them with interesting resources to play with. Children develop eye-hand co-ordination from manipulation with toys. Vygotsky describes play is always a social experience even when they are engaged in solitary play as the children draw on themes, experiences and roles that have social originality (Berk Winsler, 1995). Play also provides rich experiences for children to develop their language, social and emotional skills (Berk Winsler, 1995). For example, when children pretend to be mothers, they become sensi tive to others needs and feelings because they get the knowledge about how their mothers care for them. Therefore they need to control their emotions to show their love and kindness to accomplish their roles. During play, all children need to use language, gestures, and symbolic objects to express their interests and feelings, like I am tired, or sit nicely on your highchair, Children may also pretend to use blocks as imaginary cakes to feed their babies. Through his play experience children learn their own capabilities and the way to understand themselves by social behavior such as sharing and taking turns, co-operating, using manners and language, emotional management, the nature of social rules and the way of making friends and feel part of a group and learn how to live and work in groups. Therefore, children improve their language communication and negotiation skills, as well as gaining the development of imagination and creation (Jalongo, 2004). I believe that even when the chi ldren disagree on who gets to be the baby, they are honing their social skills. Play is extremely beneficial and children have many opportunities to expand their own world and through play children are learning all the time. Aspect One: Group Sizing and age span during play for infants and toddlers. Larger groups tend to be over stimulating According to Gonzalez -Mena (2009), As larger groups are overly stimulating the quiet children usually get ignored and it is harder for the children to really get into their play, So a strategy that will be useful is to make sure that all children get to have their turn to play and teachers can encourage children to turn take and scaffold them during their play. Arthur, Beecher, Docket , Farmer, and Death (2007) states through scaffolding, those with expertise in a particular area ,such as parents or teachers, provide the framework of support that enables the children to try out new ideas, so as to lead them to greater understanding (p.95). Mixture of Ages As some play programs work well with a mix of ages others work well with the same age group. In this case with a mix of infants and toddlers it is best to protect the ones who cannot move around to the ones that can move. I can do this by fencing a portion of the room for the children that are immobile. It is best to not keep the children in playpens or cribs. Space for preschoolers and toddlers Children need space to move around as they need room to stretch. They need the space to interact with adults who share the floor space. Arthur et al. (2007) discusses that recent research exploring childrens social play has encompassed not only how children play with each other but also the nature and quality of social interactions, interactions among adults and children, the influence of childrens social and cultural context, and the role of popular culture in play (p.100). White, OMalley, Toso, Rockel , Stover, Ellis (2007) explains that The position of a child within a powerful social vision is articulated within Te WhÄ rikis goals: all children will grow up as confident and competent learners, healthy in mind and body, and spirit, secure in their sense of belonging and in the sense that they make a valued contribution to society (Ministry of Education,1996,p.9). As sometimes the mixture is toddlers and preschools. It is important to make sure that the toddlers are protected from the equipment they arent mature enough to play with. Aspect Two: Environments for infants and toddlers to play. Environmental factors that influence play Careful considerations need to happen when giving space for children to play as the age span and group size matters. Educators need to think about how the room is appropriate for infants and toddler for this to happen be to set the environment up and what the space needs. There should be choices that need to be encouraged. Choice depends on the philosophy of the centre and the age of the children .Culture also has an influence to the environment of play. Rogoff (2003) notes that participation and play for children is how the children change some of these routines and rituals through their participation. Through participating in play children learn the structure and cultural expectations of events. For example, participating in play conversations facilitates an awareness of the nature of conversations (such as turn taking, speaking and listening) (p.102). Setting up environments for play It is best for a caregiver to provide structure by doing this the environment gets structured to a play environment. Caregivers must set up an environment that has a good deal of undesirable behavior. For example if a child is not allowed to play in the kitchen it is a good idea to put a gate across the access. For infants and toddlers educators must make sure that everything that is in the environment to be touchable and mouth able which means that the play object is clean and safe to put in their mouths as infants and toddlers learn through mouthing. Te WhÄ riki (1996) states toddlers have access to an increasing range of playthings that can enhance both gross and fine motor skills (p.87). It is good to set up the right number of toys with providing the right number of choices and let the children find special ways to combine their toys and material. Which are soft and hard that will develop their fine and gross motor activity. Hygiene and gross motor activity for infants and toddlers. Making sure that the toys are sanitized time to time is important .Children should not be getting restricted to their natural inclinations. Ailwood (2003) describes such play as a natural, intrinsic and free, and progressivisms version of free-play. Providing gross motor activity is important inside as much as outside play. Infants and toddlers should be in an environment where they get to roll and slide and climb and also run. The area should be like a gym that is set up for active play. Aspect Three: Caregivers creating curriculum out of play for infants and toddlers. Safety as an overarching theme Setting up an environment that put safety a primary considerate is good so that the children are free to explore and discover. Te WhÄ riki (1996)states that safe things are provided to assist infants to move, for example, something to hold on to, to balance against, or to pull them up on (p.87). Caregivers encouraging interactions and then stepping back It is important to make sure that the caregivers interactions are encouraging for facilitating play for infants and toddlers. It is also important to support problem solving between children so they get to see themselves as capable children. Observing is a way to understand each individual child and each situation to promote the childrens learning. Ailwood (2003) states the process of play is characterized by play as learning which maintains is the result of the legacy of developmental psychology with its associated truths. Adult Roles in Infant-Toddler Play Caregivers can create curriculum out of play by giving the children their own freedom to play and also by helping them pursue their own special interests and adults should extend on their interests .Adults should also provide fun and colourful play resources. While children are playing it is important to encourage child to child interactions and encourage youngsters to come and learn such valuable skills and how the children can resolve conflicts. It is important to step back until needed too. A caregiver should always know when to intervene and become sensitive. Te WhÄ riki (1996) discusses toddlers are encouraged to develop skills at their own rate and to know and understand their abilities and limitations. Adults wait to let toddlers indicate that they need assistance rather than assuming that they will (p.87). Timing is crucial for infants and toddlers play .When adults step in too soon. Te WhÄ riki (1996) states that toddlers have opportunities for active exploration with the support, but not the interference e, of adults. Valuable learning can be lost but if an adult steps in soon but if it is too late there is a possibility that children can hurt each other (p.87) It is good to remember to encourage children to solve their own problems as it is a very important part of their education. But steeping back and not intervening is another adult skill that is important to practice. We should not interrupt a child who is really absorbed into their play as absorption is a quality that educators should value. Conclusion: In conclusion, play as a curriculum is the highest form of learning in early childhood education. Infants and toddlers are able to reach their deepest, wide range level of learning best through play. Play has an important function and infants and toddlers are learning all the time through their interactions with others, as well as working through the rules and values of their cultural groups. Three aspects of the above will finally draw a conclusion of the importance of play in the learning and development of supporting infants and toddlers. Play is a professionalized process and play is a freedom of expression as well as a game for life.

The Future Of Human Evolution Essay -- essays research papers

The Future of Human Evolution Evolution, the science of how populations of living organisms change over time in response to their environment, is the central unifying theme in biology today. Evolution was first explored in its semi-modern form in Charles Darwin 's 1859 book, Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection. In this book, Darwin laid out a strong argument for evolution. He postulated that all species have a common ancestor from which they are descended. As populations of species moved into new habitats and new parts of the world, they faced different environmental conditions. Over time, these populations accumulated modifications, or adaptations, that allowed them and their offspring to survive better in their new environments. These modifications were the key to the evolution of new species, and Darwin proposed natural selection or "survival of the fittest" as the vehicle by which that change occurs. Under Natural Selection, some individuals in a population have adaptations that allow them to survive and reproduce more than other individuals. These adaptations become more common in the population because of this higher reproductive success. Over time, the characteristics of the population as a whole can change, sometimes even resulting in the formation of a new species. Humans have survived for thousands of years and will most like survive thousands of more. Throughout the history of the Huminoid species man has evolved from Homo Erectus to what we today call Homo Sapiens, or what we know today as modern man.. The topic of this paper is what does the future have in store for the evolution of Homo Sapiens. Of course, human beings will continue to change culturally; therefore cultural evolution will always continue; but what of physiological evolution? The cultural evolution of man will continue as long as man can think; after all it's the ideas we think up that makes up our cultures. In a thousand years man might complete a 180 degree turn culturally (not to mention physiologically) and as seen by our fellow inhabitants of earth we would in essence be different beings. One can say that this new culture has chosen its ideas based on Natural Selection. One can see this in the spread of ideas in the past history of homo sapiens, the ideas which cause man to succeed are chosen such as science and demo... ...random genetic drift, but it may become homozygous for allele "A", whereas the first population has become homozygous for allele "a". As time goes on, isolated populations diverge from each other, each losing heterozygosity. The variation originally present within populations now appears as variation between populations (Suzuki 704). The evolution of man can be broken up into three basic stages. The first, lasting millions of years, slowly shaped human nature from Homo erectus to Home sapiens. Natural selection provided the means for countless random mutations resulting in the appearance of such human characteristics as hands and feet. The second stage, after the full development of the human body and mind, saw humans moving from wild foragers to an agriculture based society. Natural selection received a helping hand as man took advantage of random mutations in nature and bred more productive species of plants and animals. The most bountiful wheats were collected and re-planted, and the fastest horses were bred with equally faster horses. Even in our recent history the strongest black male slaves were mated with the hardest working female slaves.

Why did the population of the UK rise dramatically between 1760 and 1870

In this essay I am going to discuss how the population of the UK rose and fell and why. Basically there are only four factors in which the population of the UK had changed these are; the birth rate, the death rate, emigration and immigration. I am going to explain how each of these factors had a part in the change of population. Firstly I will discuss birth rate, and how it caused the surge of population changes. Firstly, Age and Sex of the Population was one factor which caused a change in the population. In 1851 roughly 50% of the population of England and Wales were under 23. The industrial towns generally had a greater proportion of younger people than rural areas. In those parts of the rural areas the number of old people was above average. Since there were few women of child-bearing age the birth rate tended to be lower. Due to the higher amount of jobs available many people migrated from the countryside to towns. Having a job meant that they could settle down earlier and get married. In addition the towns offered far greater opportunities of finding a partner than the countryside. Secondly, family size was another factor to the problem of population surge. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century there was little control of the amount of children people wanted. Women continued to have children during their child-bearing years one of the reasons for this was because they thought that their children would die by the age of five. Many families had as many as ten children this was considered normal. Despite the movement to towns large families with a healthy rural environment made it possible for the population of the agricultural counties to grow. Marriage and Employment played a huge part also in the growth of the population. It was thought that the earlier a person married the earlier they could settle down, however in the eighteenth century many young men had to undertake long terms of apprenticeship as a result they couldn't get married and start a family early. During the industrial revolution apprenticeship began to decline, nevertheless a fall in the craftsmen and rise in the factory worker. Due to the people migrating to towns there were a larger proportion of younger people which could marry and settle down earlier. Many historians believe that this was one of the main reasons that the birth rate of the population in the eighteenth and nineteenth century had risen. This would have only had a slight effect because of the change over from the agricultural industry to the domestic industry in the period after 1790. The Speenhamland system was thought to have helped farm workers because it gave the farmers with a large family a greater income than that of a single person. Moreover, this was also considered as a main reason to the growth in population because of the sharp rise in the population between 1795 and 1834. Infant Mortality was a main factor in the populations change. High birth rates itself didn't necessary mean that the population would survive it also depended on the death rate and whether or not the child would survive the perils of infancy. The percentage of children who dies in London before the age of five between 1730 – 1749 was 74.5% this means that out of 100 children on a quarter would survive but by 1810 – 1830 the percentage had decreased by 42.5 percent thus only 32 children dying out of 100. In 1880 23.8% of infants in England and Wales die before the age of five. The infant mortality rate for the death of children less than one year in 1841 – 1870 for England and Wales stayed the same at 15.4% I will now discuss the death rate and how this made a great impact on the population. Firstly, in the seventeenth and eighteenth century epidemic diseases were very common. Epidemic diseases caused a lot of death between the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Smallpox was an uncontrollable disease that caused many deaths in the seventeenth century. In early eighteenth century the disease was tackled by the inoculation which helped the disease from spreading although it was not until the introduction of vaccination by Edward Jenner in 1796 that it was proven an effective way of controlling the disease. In London, 1750, just under a tenth (800) of every 10,000 were killed by the smallpox disease, by 1860 the rate had dropped dramatically to only 100 deaths out of every 10,000. Another epidemic disease was the great plague. This was a disease carried by the fleas of the black rat nevertheless by the eighteenth century the plague ceased to be a problem because for some unknown reason the black rat was overtaken by the brown rat. The worst disease of the nineteenth century was of cholera. The first outbreak of cholera was from Sunderland in 1831. As a result it caused the death of over 50,000 people. Furthermore, in 1849 there was yet another outbreak with 55.000 deaths. Secondly, alcoholism also caused a stir in the population change between 1720 and 1751. Alcoholism caused the death of large numbers of people, from the result of ‘cheap gin'. This was available at a very low price. The poor saw gin as a cheap way to forget their problems. Literally a child could walk in and buy some gin that was how serious it was. Moreover, medical advances saw the reduction of death rates in the eighteenth century. Better cleaner hospitals for example the extermination of the wooden beds for the iron beds; higher standards of nursing, advances in surgery, new medicines and drugs and higher births in hospitals were the main things that lowered the death rate. Some historians said that the medical care did ‘more harm than good' There were good as well as bad hospitals around in the eighteenth century. Many of the medical advances had been made by the 1870's. Higher survival rates were made possible by the use of anaesthetics and better infant care; however the overall death rate still may not have been affected much. Hygiene, sanitation and public health was another cause for the population change. Modern towns of Georgian Britain lacked things we take for granted these things include; running water, mains drainage and effective heating. The rapid growth of towns began to cause serious problems these include overcrowding, lack of pure water, filthy damp rooms, conditions in which vermin thrived (rats, mice and lice), lack of adequate means of getting rid of rubbish and filth and inadequate drains and lack of main sewers. The fall in death rate after 1870 suggests that the appalling urban living conditions of the early nineteenth century kept the death rate high. Furthermore, during the Industrial Revolution many advances were made in personal hygiene. No longer did people have to wear wool which couldn't be washed and usually had lice in them. Wool was replaced by a cheaper and better cloth, cotton. Cotton was cheap because it was being mass produced. This meant that poor people could wear clothes. Moreover, soap was also made cheap and was no longer a luxury for rich people; therefore there was no excuse for dirty clothes or dirty bodies. Cheaper coal was also being distributed; this meant that people could boil water and kill the germs and bacteria inside the water, cleaner clothes and drier homes. Lastly, diet was another main factor that changed the population. The death rates fell because of the substantial improvements in the production of food in Britain by the Agricultural revolution. Successful harvests in 1730's brought down the price of bread making it cheaper. Cheaper food meant that ore people could survive. Also the use of roots and green fodder crops meant that meat didn't need to be killed or salted to get through the winter. Not only did Britain had healthier, cheaper food they also consumed vitamins and proteins to give the body resistance to diseases. Improvement in transport mainly railways after 1840 helped to make it easier for farmers to deliver food to the market nonetheless people were no longer reliant on the success of the local harvest and local farmers who supplied meat, vegetables and milk. Although the food prices were dropping and the supply of food was rising there were still many poor people who lived at starvation level. There were often complaints about the quality of the food for example shops users would use rat droppings as chocolate flakes. This lead to a lot of food poisoning and death. More death had occurred during the 1840's when the potato crop failed in Ireland and Western Britain this not only caused the death of up to a million but also caused the great number of Irish people emigrating. Another cause for the population decrease was because of emigration however the population didn't decrease. Emigration is when someone leaves one country and lives in a different country for example you leave the UK to go and live in the USA. Over 6 million people emigrated from Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales to overseas between 1840's, 1850's and 1860's. The most number of people that emigrated was that of Ireland at a total of 3,927,000 which was an estimate of 2/3 of the total. This was because of the potato crop that failed in Ireland. Despite the emigration of over 6million people the UK's population still continued to rise. Some of the Scots and Irish migrated to England where they worked, the Scottish done engineering work whereas the Irish done labour work. Lastly immigration, Immigration is when some enters a country for example a person from abroad comes to live in England. The Irish were being ‘pulled' out of the UK by other countries such as Australia because they were offering free land and a better life and so the gold rush in California which made the Irish believe that they could get rich quick. The Irish were also being pushed out because of the failed potato crop, they had to make a choice stay in Ireland and starve to death or go abroad where you can get free land and food. So in conclusion the rise in population was because of the high birth rate and low death rate, age of the population, family size, marriage and employment and some medical advances. The high death rate was because of the epidemic diseases, hygiene and alcoholism. In my opinion I believe that the cause for the rise in population was because of the high birth rate and low death rate.